Two optional supplemental tests were introduced with the 4 th Edition of the VMI. 5 The VMI consists of a series of line drawings of geometric forms that are to be copied as accurately as possible. This data will help clinicians and researchers determine if these instruments have sufficient reliability for assessment of pediatric patients and for monitoring change in pediatric patients with treatment.įor almost 50 years, the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI, currently in its 6 th Edition) has been a widely used and accepted test of visual motor abilities. 1– 4 In the present study, we assessed reliability of the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and Visual Perception Test (VMIp) (Pearson Clinical Assessment, Bloomington MN). Despite this, there are few studies in the literature assessing the effects of refractive errors or ocular abnormalities on visual motor integration in children. For example, development of the skills necessary to effectively coordinate vision, perception, and finger/hand movements to perform fine motor tasks (e.g., writing, drawing, manipulation of small objects), often referred to as visual motor integration, is likely to rely on the quality of visual input and accuracy of visual perception as well as the ability to execute and control fine movements. However, assessment of the broader impact of impaired visual function on other aspects of child development and learning can also provide valuable input for clinical decision-making.
Clinical studies assessing the impact of uncorrected refractive errors and ocular abnormalities in children and studies assessing the effectiveness of treatments for such conditions typically focus on traditional measures of visual function (e.g., visual acuity, stereopsis, ocular alignment).
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